Infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), and visible light emitters are semiconductor devices that emit electromagnetic radiation within specific wavelength ranges. IR emitters are used in applications such as remote controls, night vision systems, and proximity sensors. UV emitters find applications in curing systems, germicidal sterilization, and counterfeit detection. Visible light emitters, such as LEDs, are widely used in general illumination, automotive lighting, display panels, and optical communication systems.