Gates and inverters are fundamental logic components that perform basic Boolean operations on input signals to produce output signals based on predefined truth tables. Common logic gates include AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOR, and NOT gates, each serving specific logic functions in digital circuits. Inverters, also known as NOT gates, produce an output signal that is the logical complement of the input signal. Gates and inverters form the foundation of digital logic design and are essential building blocks in electronic systems.