Encoders, decoders, and converters are interface components used to encode, decode, and convert signals between different formats or protocols. Encoders encode information into a specific format suitable for transmission or storage, while decoders perform the reverse operation, extracting information from encoded signals. Converters, on the other hand, convert signals from one form to another, such as analog to digital or digital to analog conversion. These interface components are essential in various applications, including data communication, multimedia processing, and signal processing systems.