Modems, short for modulator-demodulator, are devices or integrated circuits (ICs) used to modulate digital signals into analog signals for transmission over communication channels and demodulate received analog signals back into digital format. Modems enable communication between digital devices over analog transmission mediums such as telephone lines or radio frequency channels. Modems are available as discrete ICs for integration into electronic systems or as standalone modules that provide modem functionality in a compact form factor.